Three of the most well-established interventions are TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), VNS (Vagus Nerve Stimulation), and ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy). Let’s explore what each one involves, and when they might be considered.

TMS – Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

TMS is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain, especially in areas associated with mood regulation. It’s often used when antidepressants haven’t worked. TMS is:

• Performed in an outpatient setting

• Typically well-tolerated with minimal side effects

• Done over several sessions (usually daily over 4–6 weeks)

• Covered by many insurance plans

Patients remain awake and alert during the procedure. TMS has shown significant benefits for individuals with major depressive disorder, and newer research also supports its use in anxiety and OCD.

VNS – Vagus Nerve Stimulation

VNS involves surgically implanting a device (similar to a pacemaker) in the chest, which sends electrical impulses to the vagus nerve — a nerve that plays a key role in mood, digestion, and heart rate.

• FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression and epilepsy

• Typically considered when other options, including TMS, haven’t worked

• Involves a minor surgical procedure

• Effects may take several months to fully appear

Though more invasive than TMS, VNS offers a long-term option for managing chronic depression.

ECT – Electroconvulsive Therapy

ECT is one of the most effective treatments for severe depression, especially when symptoms are urgent (e.g., suicidality, psychosis, or catatonia). It involves:

• Brief electrical stimulation under general anesthesia

• A short series of treatments (commonly 2–3 times per week for several weeks)

• Proven efficacy in cases of severe mood disorders

Despite outdated stigmas, modern ECT is safe and closely monitored. Temporary memory loss is a potential side effect, but most patients report significant mood improvement — often when no other treatment has worked.

Final Thoughts

These three brain-based therapies offer hope when standard treatments fall short. At Sage Psychiatric Care, we believe in helping patients explore every viable path to healing — including advanced treatments when appropriate. Always consult with your provider to determine the best individualized treatment plan.